Axolotl Care Guide

Introduction

The Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum), also known as the Mexican walking fish, is a unique species of salamander that retains its larval features throughout its life. Native to Lake Xochimilco and Lake Chalco in central Mexico, these fascinating creatures are critically endangered in the wild but thrive in captivity. Known for their ability to regenerate limbs and other body parts, axolotls are a popular choice among aquarists for their distinct appearance and intriguing biology.

Natural Habitat

Axolotls are adapted to cool, high-altitude lakes with muddy bottoms and plenty of aquatic vegetation. They are neotenic, meaning they remain aquatic and gilled throughout their lives without undergoing metamorphosis into a terrestrial adult form.

Aquarium Setup

Axolotls require a spacious aquarium to accommodate their size, which can reach up to 12 inches in length. A minimum tank size of 20 gallons is recommended for one axolotl, with an additional 10 gallons for each additional axolotl. The tank should have a fine gravel substrate or be bare-bottomed to prevent ingestion of substrate particles. The setup should include hiding spots and low light, as axolotls do not have eyelids and are sensitive to bright light. The water temperature should be kept cool, between 60°F and 64°F (15°C to 18°C), to mimic their natural cool water habitat.

Water Parameters

The water should be kept clean and well-filtered but without strong currents, as axolotls prefer still water. Regular water changes are essential to maintain water quality, particularly to manage ammonia levels. A fully cycled tank with a biological filter is crucial to keep these amphibians healthy.

Diet and Feeding

Axolotls are carnivorous and primarily eat worms, small fish, crustaceans, and specialized salamander pellets in captivity. They should be fed a varied diet to ensure proper nutrition. Feed adult axolotls every two to three days, making sure food items are appropriate in size to prevent choking.

Behaviour and Social Structure

While generally solitary, axolotls can be kept with others of their kind as long as they are similar in size to prevent cannibalism, a common occurrence when there is a size disparity. They are not aggressive but can be territorial over hiding spots.

Compatibility with Other Species

It is best to keep axolotls only with other axolotls. They may mistake smaller fish for food, and larger fish may nip at their gills. Also, axolotls can carry bacteria that are harmful to fish.

Breeding

Breeding axolotls in captivity can be achieved by mimicking the seasonal changes of their natural environment, though it should be attempted only by experienced keepers. They lay eggs on submerged vegetation, and care should be taken to separate adults from eggs to prevent predation.

Health Considerations

Axolotls are prone to health issues related to water quality, such as ammonia poisoning and fungal infections. They also can suffer from impaction if they ingest gravel or other large particles. Regular tank maintenance, proper filtration, and careful monitoring of water conditions are vital for their well-being.

Conclusion

Axolotls are captivating creatures that require specific care to thrive in captivity. With the right environment, diet, and maintenance, they can make fascinating and rewarding pets for those willing to meet their needs.