Chocolate Neon Tetra (Hyphessobrycon vilmae) – Care Guide
Overview
Scientific Name: Hyphessobrycon vilmae
Common Name: Chocolate Neon Tetra
Origin: Amazon Basin, South America – particularly in slow-moving, tannin-stained waters
Size: Up to 3.5 cm
Lifespan: 3–5 years with proper care
Temperament: Peaceful and schooling; ideal for community aquariums
Appearance
The Chocolate Neon Tetra is a delicate and attractive species featuring a warm, chocolate-brown body with a subtle iridescent blue-green horizontal stripe. Its appearance deepens in colour under subdued lighting, with the reflective stripe glowing beautifully against dark substrates and backgrounds.
Water Parameters
- Temperature: 23–27°C
- pH: 5.5–7.0 (slightly acidic preferred)
- Hardness: 1–8 dGH (soft water)
- Water Movement: Gentle flow with well-oxygenated conditions
They thrive in soft, tannin-rich water that mimics their natural blackwater environment. Regular partial water changes are important to maintain consistent quality.
Tank Setup
- Minimum Tank Size: 50 litres for a small group
- Substrate: Dark sand or fine gravel to highlight their colours
- Décor: Use driftwood, Indian almond leaves, and smooth rocks to create a shaded, natural look
- Plants: Include floating plants and fine-leaved species such as Java moss and Hygrophila
- Lighting: Dim to moderate; bright light can stress them and wash out their colours
Keep in groups of at least 8–10 individuals to encourage natural schooling behaviour and confidence.
Diet
The Chocolate Neon Tetra is omnivorous and benefits from a balanced, varied diet:
- High-quality micro pellets or fine flakes
- Live or frozen foods such as daphnia, bloodworms, and brine shrimp
- Occasional vegetable matter or spirulina-based foods
Feed small portions two to three times a day, ensuring all food is consumed within a few minutes.
Behaviour and Compatibility
This species is gentle and best suited to peaceful community tanks. It coexists well with other small South American fish such as Corydoras, pencilfish, hatchetfish, and other tetras. Avoid aggressive or fast-moving tank mates that may outcompete them for food.
Breeding
Breeding Hyphessobrycon vilmae can be achieved in a controlled environment:
- Provide soft, acidic water (pH 6.0–6.5) with a temperature around 26°C
- Use fine-leaved plants or spawning mops for egg scattering
- Keep lighting dim, as eggs are light-sensitive
- Remove adults after spawning to prevent egg predation
- Eggs hatch in 2–3 days, and fry can be fed infusoria, followed by baby brine shrimp
Conclusion
The Chocolate Neon Tetra (Hyphessobrycon vilmae) is a peaceful and elegant addition to any small or planted aquarium. Its subtle beauty and calm schooling nature make it perfect for aquarists seeking a tranquil and natural-looking community setup.













